Unemployment insurance (UI) is a government program that offers temporary financial support to workers who lose their jobs through no fault of their own, such as layoffs or company downsizing. Its primary goal is to help individuals meet their living expenses while they seek new employment.

For the purposes of this debate, a politics proficiency exam is held every election cycle to test the knowledge of an aspiring candidate in terms of subjects and skills, such as but not limited to history, geography, political science, economics and, public international law.

The carbon footprint model assesses individuals and entities based on their direct and measurable emissions of greenhouse gases (e.g., personal consumption of meat, a company’s operation of large factories, etc.). On the other hand, the climate shadow model assesses individuals and entities based on the influence of their environmental preferences and actions on other people and larger systems, regardless if their carbon footprint is big or not (e.g., encouraging others to opt into plant-based diet despite being a red meat-lover, a company actively funding and supporting green policies and promoting climate awareness despite huge carbon emissions, etc.).